Ledger is a cryptocurrency hardware wallet company developing security and infrastructure solutions for cryptocurrencies and blockchain applications for individuals and companies, using its own unique technology.
Ripple is advancing the addition of a lending infrastructure layer on the XRP Ledger (XRPL), enabling institutions to raise funds using on-chain tokenized assets as collateral. The protocol will automatically execute loan terms, while credit evaluation and lending decisions remain handled by off-chain institutions.According to disclosures, the proposal is named the XRPL Lending Protocol (corresponding to XLS-65 and XLS-66 standards). It is currently in the technical draft stage and will require approval through validator voting before launching on the mainnet, but developer testing has already been opened on the test network.The protocol’s design splits the lending process into two parts: on-chain management of liquidity pools, interest calculation, repayment execution, and default handling; while borrower credit assessment and loan term setting remain with traditional financial institutions to meet compliance requirements across different jurisdictions.Ripple states that the mechanism is primarily aimed at institutional short-term liquidity needs. For example, in cross-border payment scenarios, temporary financing through stablecoins or collateral assets can be obtained before settlement is completed, thereby improving capital efficiency.Analysts believe that while the plan attempts to introduce a “rule-enforced lending infrastructure” similar to traditional finance while maintaining XRPL's open network attributes, it will still face competition from established on-chain lending protocols such as Aave, Compound, and Maple. (CoinDesk)
According to CoinDesk, Goldman Sachs stated that U.S. IPO activity in 2026 doubled year-on-year, with approximately 50 companies having gone public and issuance volume reaching about $120 billion in dollar terms—matching the full-year record set in 2021. Ben Snider, Goldman Sachs’ Chief U.S. Equity Strategist, noted that this recovery is primarily driven by a wave of large-cap listings and financing demand tied to AI development—a “normal recovery” that remains fundamentally distinct from the speculative frenzy seen during the dot-com bubble. Currently, the average annual number of IPOs stands at roughly 100, far below the 250 IPOs in 2021 and the nearly 400 IPOs recorded at the peak of the 1999 bubble. Notably, crypto firms—including Payward (Kraken’s parent company), Consensys, Ledger, and Grayscale—have postponed or suspended their IPO plans amid market volatility and underwhelming post-listing performance. Meanwhile, high-profile AI- and tech-related IPOs such as SpaceX have successfully listed, drawing institutional capital away from the crypto market and into other sectors—exerting downward pressure on tokens and crypto-related stocks.
: Due to weak trading volumes and macro pressures weighing on valuations, crypto companies are pausing their long-awaited IPO plans. Hardware wallet manufacturer Ledger and MetaMask developer ConsenSys are among the companies that have delayed their IPOs. Ledger had previously planned to list on the New York Stock Exchange with a valuation of $4 billion.Sean Farrell, Head of Digital Asset Strategy at Fundstrat, stated that crypto trading volumes have fallen by approximately 75% year-to-date, putting pressure on the valuations of publicly listed crypto companies. In contrast, demand for IPOs from tech companies related to AI remains strong.Additionally, Bitcoin miners pivoting to AI infrastructure have become one of the better-performing segments in the crypto market. Sean Farrell also pointed out that Hyperliquid is one of the standout crypto ecosystems in 2026, generating approximately $850 million in revenue over the past 12 months. Its recent partnership with Coinbase has made USDC the canonical stablecoin on the platform. (coindesk)
according to sources familiar with the matter, MetaMask developer Consensys has postponed its U.S. IPO plans to earliest this fall. The company originally planned to submit a draft S-1 filing with the SEC by the end of February, but market demand weakened due to the market downturn in February, macroeconomic uncertainty, and Bitcoin ETF outflows. Besides Consensys, Kraken and Ledger have also paused their IPO plans.Consensys completed a $450 million funding round in 2022 at a valuation of $7 billion. Additionally, BitGo, which was the first crypto company to go public in 2026, raised $213 million but has since seen its stock price drop 36% from its $18 offering price, reflecting the public market's cautious approach toward valuing crypto infrastructure companies.
crypto wallet provider Ledger has suspended its US IPO plans, citing unfavorable current market conditions. (CoinDesk)
According to CoinDesk, French crypto hardware wallet company Ledger has suspended its U.S. IPO plans due to unfavorable market conditions. Sources familiar with the matter said Ledger was previously valued at approximately $4 billion and had engaged Goldman Sachs, Jefferies, and Barclays as IPO advisors—but it has not yet filed any registration documents with the SEC. The company may instead consider private fundraising. Earlier, Kraken also paused its IPO citing market conditions, while publicly listed BitGo’s stock price has fallen roughly 36% from its offering price, indicating a broad cooling of enthusiasm among crypto firms for U.S. listings.
According to ESMA's official website, the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) officially launched a Common Supervisory Action (CSA) targeting Crypto-Asset Service Providers (CASPs) on July 8, 2026, focusing primarily on digital operational resilience in the custody services sector. This action will assess the framework maturity of CASPs regarding risks related to Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), covering core topics such as governance arrangements, key and storage management, transaction controls, event detection and response, smart contract risks, and third-party dependencies. National Competent Authorities (NCAs) will conduct risk-based sampling surveys on authorized CASPs, with the survey period spanning from the second half of 2026 to the first half of 2027, and the final report is expected to be submitted to the ESMA Supervisory Board in the second half of 2027.
According to an announcement by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority, the Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau (FSTB) and the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) jointly announced on June 29 that they have completed the first-phase review on promoting the further application of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) in Hong Kong's fixed income market. The review results confirmed that Hong Kong's existing legal and regulatory environment is sufficiently flexible to support the issuance of tokenized bonds. The Companies Registry released frequently asked questions on the same day, clarifying that registers of debenture holders maintained using DLT comply with the relevant provisions of the Companies Ordinance. The next phase of the review will commence in the second half of this year, focusing on legal optimization issues such as allowing electronic signatures to execute tokenized bond issuance documents, as well as the "possession" and "transfer" of tokenized fixed income products, to promote the wider application of DLT in the fixed income market and the digital asset sector.
Ripple is advancing the addition of a lending infrastructure layer on the XRP Ledger (XRPL), enabling institutions to raise funds using on-chain tokenized assets as collateral. The protocol will automatically execute loan terms, while credit evaluation and lending decisions remain handled by off-chain institutions.According to disclosures, the proposal is named the XRPL Lending Protocol (corresponding to XLS-65 and XLS-66 standards). It is currently in the technical draft stage and will require approval through validator voting before launching on the mainnet, but developer testing has already been opened on the test network.The protocol’s design splits the lending process into two parts: on-chain management of liquidity pools, interest calculation, repayment execution, and default handling; while borrower credit assessment and loan term setting remain with traditional financial institutions to meet compliance requirements across different jurisdictions.Ripple states that the mechanism is primarily aimed at institutional short-term liquidity needs. For example, in cross-border payment scenarios, temporary financing through stablecoins or collateral assets can be obtained before settlement is completed, thereby improving capital efficiency.Analysts believe that while the plan attempts to introduce a “rule-enforced lending infrastructure” similar to traditional finance while maintaining XRPL's open network attributes, it will still face competition from established on-chain lending protocols such as Aave, Compound, and Maple. (CoinDesk)
According to Ledger Insights, Federated Hermes—a U.S.-based asset management firm with $907 billion in assets under management—has announced the launch of the Federated Hermes Money Market Management Digital Treasury Fund, a money market fund compliant with the GENIUS Act’s stablecoin regulatory requirements. Primarily targeting stablecoin issuers, the fund is also open to institutional and retail investors. Its collateral assets have maturities of no more than 93 days, and its investment scope includes cash and U.S. Treasuries—highly liquid assets.
According to CoinDesk, Consensys—an Ethereum application developer—has postponed its initial public offering (IPO) plans due to the significant downturn in the cryptocurrency market in February 2026. Sources familiar with the matter said Consensys had originally planned to confidentially file its S-1 registration statement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) around the end of February this year—a step typically marking the first formal stage of the IPO process. In response, a Consensys spokesperson stated that the company does not comment on market speculation. The report notes that although improved regulatory clarity in the U.S. has prompted several crypto firms to plan for public listings, prolonged market weakness has led companies including Kraken and Ledger to pause their IPO plans.
According to PRNewswire, market analysis reports indicate that Coinbase and Kraken together account for 22% of all AI mentions across the cryptocurrency category—Coinbase accounts for 13%, and Kraken for 9%—holding a lead over other U.S. trading platforms by more than threefold. Gemini ranks third with 5.5%, Robinhood Crypto fourth with 5%, and BlackRock’s spot Bitcoin exchange-traded fund (ETF), IBIT, fifth with 4.5%, dominating queries related to “Bitcoin ETFs.” Additionally, hardware wallets are losing influence in AI responses: while Ledger and Trezor still dominate queries related to “cryptocurrency wallets,” AI increasingly recommends custodial solutions offered by regulated trading platforms when addressing questions about the “best way to store cryptocurrency assets.” (Note: “AI mentions” refers to how frequently an AI chatbot references a particular brand, product, or company when responding to user queries.)
according to sources familiar with the matter, MetaMask developer Consensys has postponed its U.S. IPO plans to earliest this fall. The company originally planned to submit a draft S-1 filing with the SEC by the end of February, but market demand weakened due to the market downturn in February, macroeconomic uncertainty, and Bitcoin ETF outflows. Besides Consensys, Kraken and Ledger have also paused their IPO plans.Consensys completed a $450 million funding round in 2022 at a valuation of $7 billion. Additionally, BitGo, which was the first crypto company to go public in 2026, raised $213 million but has since seen its stock price drop 36% from its $18 offering price, reflecting the public market's cautious approach toward valuing crypto infrastructure companies.
Bitget Wallet has launched a Labor Day QR code payment campaign, running from April 28 to May 7, further driving the adoption of stablecoin payments in everyday consumption and travel scenarios across the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region. During the campaign, users who complete offline QR code payments using USDT or USDC will receive RLUSD cashback for each transaction. From May 1 to May 7, Bitget Wallet will randomly select one paying user per day to receive an additional 1,000 RLUSD cashback. To lower the barrier to first-time usage, Bitget Wallet will also airdrop XRP to eligible participants—serving as the account reserve required to activate RLUSD withdrawals. RLUSD is a compliant U.S. dollar-pegged stablecoin issued by Ripple and regulated by the New York State Department of Financial Services (NYDFS). This campaign marks Bitget Wallet’s first real-world consumer application following its integration of the XRP Ledger (XRPL) mainnet and onboarding of the RLUSD payment ecosystem at the end of March—and represents a key milestone in advancing Bitget Wallet’s Everyday Finance strategy.
According to The Block, U.S. musician Garrett Dutton (stage name G. Love) lost 5.9 BTC—worth approximately $420,000—after downloading and using a counterfeit Ledger wallet app from the App Store and entering his recovery phrase. On-chain analyst ZachXBT discovered that the attacker laundered the stolen Bitcoin via the KuCoin platform. This incident once again exposes the security risks posed by fake wallet apps, reminding users to exercise heightened caution when downloading and using cryptocurrency-related applications, and to avoid entering sensitive information through unofficial channels.
Zilliqa has stated there is a critical vulnerability in its Ledger application that has existed since 2019, causing private keys used for native ZIL transactions to be susceptible to recovery attacks. At present, native transactions have been suspended, and relevant parties are working on a coordinated fix. EVM transactions are not affected.
According to The Block, Ledger's security research team Donjon disclosed a security vulnerability in Tangem hardware wallet cards. After obtaining the physical card, attackers can use laser fault injection equipment to bypass recovery state verification in the firmware and reset the password, thereby controlling the wallet and initiating transactions. The research states that this vulnerability affects all Tangem cards currently in circulation, and since the product does not support firmware updates, it cannot be fixed via patches.
Ledger's Donjon security research team successfully bypassed the firmware verification system of the TROPIC01 chip inside the Trezor Safe 7 using laser attacks in a laboratory setting. Chip manufacturer Tropic Square subsequently discovered another attack path affecting the chip's MAC-and-Destroy security mechanism. This vulnerability currently impacts all TROPIC01 chips in production within the field. Trezor stated that the TROPIC01 chip is one of three independent security layers within the Trezor Safe 7, and user funds, wallet backups, and private keys are not stored on it.The chip's hardware encryption storage mechanism completely withstood Ledger's extraction attempts during initial testing. Tropic Square has delayed the release of technical details regarding the vulnerability until the launch of a reinforced silicon version of the TROPIC01 chip later in 2026, with full details expected to be disclosed in the spring of 2027.A firmware mitigation is currently available by disabling the chip's MAINTENANCE mode. Trezor CEO Matej Zak stated that PINs, wallet backups, and user fund keys have never been stored on a single chip. (The Block)
According to The Block, blockchain security firm CertiK released a report on May 8 stating that 34 confirmed “wrench attacks” (i.e., offline physical assaults and extortion targeting cryptocurrency holders) occurred globally in the first four months of 2026—an increase of 41% compared to the same period in 2025. Victims’ total losses amounted to approximately $101 million. If this trend continues, the annual number of incidents is projected to reach around 130, with losses potentially totaling hundreds of millions of dollars. Geographically, 28 of the 34 incidents (82%) occurred in Europe, with France standing out particularly: 24 cases were recorded there in the first four months of 2026 alone—exceeding the full-year total of 20 incidents in 2025. CertiK attributes this surge to France’s hosting of flagship crypto firms such as Ledger and Binance, frequent data breaches, and a community culture of conspicuous wealth display and proactive doxxing. In contrast, reported incidents in the U.S. dropped from nine in Q1 2025 to three in Q1 2026, while Asia saw a decline from 25 to two. Regarding attack patterns, CertiK notes that criminal groups have shifted toward a “data-driven targeting” model—purchasing victims’ names, addresses, and asset information from data brokers, thereby reducing the need for physical reconnaissance. Over half of this year’s incidents involved threats against or direct harm to victims’ family members (spouses, children, elderly parents) as a coercive tactic. Operationally, small gangs of three to five individuals typically carry out these attacks via
Ledger Chief Technology Officer Charles Guillemet pointed out that the development of post-quantum cryptography has entered a critical stage. Although the timeline for a practical quantum computer remains unclear, a full-scale migration of the encryption systems across the industry is an inevitable trend. Led by NIST, the traditional sector plans to phase out high-risk algorithms by 2030 and completely ban them by 2035, with government and enterprise institutions expected to complete their migration layouts by 2029. Encryption and key exchange will adopt ML-KEM to defend against quantum decryption attacks on harvested data, with digital signatures becoming the core of blockchain transformation. The traditional industry prefers ML-DSA hybrid schemes, while the blockchain sector favors the more secure and robust SLH-DSA hash-based signature. Both schemes have their respective advantages and disadvantages. The compatibility challenges of post-quantum algorithms with MPC and threshold signatures remain a key risk that the industry urgently needs to address.
Odaily News France has become a hotspot for wrench attacks, with at least 41 cryptocurrency-related kidnappings and home invasions reported this year, averaging one incident every 2.5 days. Jean-Didier Berger, the Deputy Minister of the Interior, stated that a series of new measures are being prepared with Interior Minister Laurent Nuñez to address this issue.A wrench attack refers to the use of physical violence to force victims to transfer crypto assets. Data from Certik and Jameson Lopp shows that globally, there were 72 verified cases of physical coercion in 2025, a 75% year-on-year increase, with cases involving physical assaults rising by 250%. Ledger co-founder David Balland was kidnapped in France in January 2025. Security researchers point out that attackers are shifting from targeting wallets to hunting individuals, using social media and leaked data to identify targets. Due to the irreversible nature of crypto transactions, attackers often convert illicit proceeds into stablecoins and transfer them across chains to evade tracking. Experts recommend using tools such as multi-signature wallets, withdrawal delays, and spending limits to reduce the risk of attack.
Sui Foundation and Mysten Labs launched the Bitcoin mortgage protocol Hashi testnet on July 22, allowing BTC to provide collateral support for on-chain lending and credit markets without being wrapped into synthetic tokens or bridged across chains. Hashi keeps Bitcoin on the Bitcoin network, with deposits secured by a 2-of-2 multi-signature mechanism that requires simultaneous signatures from Hashi's multi-party computation validators and an independent Guardian Layer. Loan terms and collateral positions are recorded on-chain, allowing lenders to view the collateral backing. Over 25 institutional partners are testing Hashi's lending and credit applications, including Bitgo, Cumberland, FalconX, Ledger, Blockdaemon, Bullish, as well as Sui ecosystem lending platforms Navi and Scallop. Wave Digital Assets has committed to advancing a three-year Bitcoin yield bond tokenization plan on Sui after the Hashi mainnet launch. Hashi has not yet announced a mainnet launch date. Sui previously unveiled the Hashi development network phase in March, positioning the protocol as a solution to improve capital efficiency for the approximately 1.4 trillion dollar Bitcoin market.
: Arcus, a decentralized exchange supported by Robinhood, launched tokenized stocks and perpetual futures on the Robinhood Chain on Tuesday. Arcus is built by the team behind the decentralized exchange dYdX and is supported by Robinhood Crypto. Arcus previously launched its spot market on July 1st when the Robinhood Chain went live. The platform offers over 95 stock tokens, perpetual markets, and crypto assets via self-custodial trading accounts, using USDG, a stablecoin issued by Paxos, as the primary collateral and settlement asset. The tokens launched on Arcus include stock tokens for major US companies such as Nvidia, Tesla, Apple, Microsoft, Meta, Google, and Amazon, as well as perpetual markets linked to stocks, ETFs, commodities, indices, and crypto assets. Arcus stated that its stock tokens are not available in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and other restricted jurisdictions. The platform utilizes a self-custody model, allowing users to retain control of their assets and connect self-custodial wallets such as MetaMask, Ledger, and WalletConnect.
It is reported that Bybit has officially launched the RLUSD holdings interest campaign. Holding a minimum of 1 RLUSD earns a fixed 7% APY, with no subscription required and no locking period. RLUSD is a USD-backed stablecoin issued by Ripple, natively issued on blockchains such as XRP Ledger and Ethereum. It is fully backed by independently custodied cash and cash equivalent reserves and can be redeemed for USD at a 1:1 ratio. Campaign Highlights: • No threshold to participate, earn simply by holding, and enjoy exclusive hidden benefits for long-term holdings • 7% fixed APY, automatically distributed daily • 50,000 RLUSD Trading Competition launched simultaneously: Participate in the ranking by trading with RLUSD as UTA margin This campaign stacks holding yields + trading competition prize pool + long-term benefits, enabling users to enjoy triple benefits simultaneously. Trading Competition: https://www.bybit.com/promo/campaign/RLUSD_Trading_Competition
hardware wallet company Ledger has launched the open-source toolkit Ledger Agent Stack, enabling AI agents to interact with crypto wallets by reading balances, preparing transactions, and suggesting actions, with all transactions requiring user approval on a Ledger hardware device. Ledger stated that this release is the first step in its AI roadmap, aiming to introduce hardware-based security mechanisms into AI-driven crypto applications and prevent autonomous agents from transferring funds or accessing sensitive credentials without human approval.
Ripple announced on July 14, 2026, that it has joined the x402 Foundation under the Linux Foundation as a Premier Member, participating in the technical and governance development of the protocol. The x402 Foundation, initiated by 40 member organizations, aims to develop an open payment standard based on HTTP for AI agents, APIs, and applications. Coinbase has contributed x402 to the Linux Foundation, supporting AI agents, APIs, and applications in sending and receiving payments directly during network interactions. Ripple stated that the XRP Ledger already supports agent payments via x402, including transactions using XRP and the Ripple USD stablecoin RLUSD. (Bitcoin.com News).
a16z Crypto has released an analysis stating that traditional finance (TradFi) is not merging with decentralized finance (DeFi), but is instead selectively adopting blockchain technologies that meet its own needs. A long-standing narrative within the crypto industry has been that DeFi and TradFi will eventually merge, combining open liquidity with institutional distribution to form a new system superior to traditional finance. However, the reality may be different.The core driver for traditional finance's adoption of blockchain is not the concept of decentralization, but commercial efficiency. As long as blockchain can help institutions reduce costs, improve settlement efficiency, expand distribution channels, and enhance customer relationships, they will adopt the relevant technology. “TradFi is not entering DeFi; it is utilizing the parts of DeFi that fit its own operational models and reshaping these technologies according to institutional requirements.”a16z Crypto stated that a new category of financial infrastructure may emerge in the future—"programmable financial infrastructure" based on a blockchain foundation but optimized for institutional constraints. The blockchain technologies currently being adopted by institutions mainly include:Atomic Settlement: Reduces counterparty risk and decreases tied-up collateral capital;Shared Ledger: Lowers the cost of back-office reconciliation;Programmable Money: Automates interest payments, margin management, and corporate actions;Automated Market Makers (AMM): Being repurposed for on-chain foreign exchange and tokenized asset pricing.
Sui Foundation and Mysten Labs launched the Bitcoin mortgage protocol Hashi testnet on July 22, allowing BTC to provide collateral support for on-chain lending and credit markets without being wrapped into synthetic tokens or bridged across chains. Hashi keeps Bitcoin on the Bitcoin network, with deposits secured by a 2-of-2 multi-signature mechanism that requires simultaneous signatures from Hashi's multi-party computation validators and an independent Guardian Layer. Loan terms and collateral positions are recorded on-chain, allowing lenders to view the collateral backing. Over 25 institutional partners are testing Hashi's lending and credit applications, including Bitgo, Cumberland, FalconX, Ledger, Blockdaemon, Bullish, as well as Sui ecosystem lending platforms Navi and Scallop. Wave Digital Assets has committed to advancing a three-year Bitcoin yield bond tokenization plan on Sui after the Hashi mainnet launch. Hashi has not yet announced a mainnet launch date. Sui previously unveiled the Hashi development network phase in March, positioning the protocol as a solution to improve capital efficiency for the approximately 1.4 trillion dollar Bitcoin market.
Zilliqa has stated there is a critical vulnerability in its Ledger application that has existed since 2019, causing private keys used for native ZIL transactions to be susceptible to recovery attacks. At present, native transactions have been suspended, and relevant parties are working on a coordinated fix. EVM transactions are not affected.
: Arcus, a decentralized exchange supported by Robinhood, launched tokenized stocks and perpetual futures on the Robinhood Chain on Tuesday. Arcus is built by the team behind the decentralized exchange dYdX and is supported by Robinhood Crypto. Arcus previously launched its spot market on July 1st when the Robinhood Chain went live. The platform offers over 95 stock tokens, perpetual markets, and crypto assets via self-custodial trading accounts, using USDG, a stablecoin issued by Paxos, as the primary collateral and settlement asset. The tokens launched on Arcus include stock tokens for major US companies such as Nvidia, Tesla, Apple, Microsoft, Meta, Google, and Amazon, as well as perpetual markets linked to stocks, ETFs, commodities, indices, and crypto assets. Arcus stated that its stock tokens are not available in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and other restricted jurisdictions. The platform utilizes a self-custody model, allowing users to retain control of their assets and connect self-custodial wallets such as MetaMask, Ledger, and WalletConnect.
It is reported that Bybit has officially launched the RLUSD holdings interest campaign. Holding a minimum of 1 RLUSD earns a fixed 7% APY, with no subscription required and no locking period. RLUSD is a USD-backed stablecoin issued by Ripple, natively issued on blockchains such as XRP Ledger and Ethereum. It is fully backed by independently custodied cash and cash equivalent reserves and can be redeemed for USD at a 1:1 ratio. Campaign Highlights: • No threshold to participate, earn simply by holding, and enjoy exclusive hidden benefits for long-term holdings • 7% fixed APY, automatically distributed daily • 50,000 RLUSD Trading Competition launched simultaneously: Participate in the ranking by trading with RLUSD as UTA margin This campaign stacks holding yields + trading competition prize pool + long-term benefits, enabling users to enjoy triple benefits simultaneously. Trading Competition: https://www.bybit.com/promo/campaign/RLUSD_Trading_Competition
hardware wallet company Ledger has launched the open-source toolkit Ledger Agent Stack, enabling AI agents to interact with crypto wallets by reading balances, preparing transactions, and suggesting actions, with all transactions requiring user approval on a Ledger hardware device. Ledger stated that this release is the first step in its AI roadmap, aiming to introduce hardware-based security mechanisms into AI-driven crypto applications and prevent autonomous agents from transferring funds or accessing sensitive credentials without human approval.
Ripple announced on July 14, 2026, that it has joined the x402 Foundation under the Linux Foundation as a Premier Member, participating in the technical and governance development of the protocol. The x402 Foundation, initiated by 40 member organizations, aims to develop an open payment standard based on HTTP for AI agents, APIs, and applications. Coinbase has contributed x402 to the Linux Foundation, supporting AI agents, APIs, and applications in sending and receiving payments directly during network interactions. Ripple stated that the XRP Ledger already supports agent payments via x402, including transactions using XRP and the Ripple USD stablecoin RLUSD. (Bitcoin.com News).