Securing 15 Top-Tier Zero-Day Vulnerabilities: 0G Lab, in Collaboration with NUS, Peking University, and BUPT, Builds a Consensus Protocol Debugging Intelligent Agent Framework
Agora, an automated testing framework jointly developed by 0G Labs and research teams from the National University of Singapore, Peking University, and Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, has been accepted to ICML 2026. Agora is the first framework to deeply integrate domain-specific knowledge from distributed systems with a multi-agent collaborative architecture for automated vulnerability detection in production-grade consensus protocols.
According to the paper, Agora has uncovered 15 previously unknown deep logic bugs (“Deep Bugs”) across mainstream consensus protocols—including Raft, EPaxos, HotStuff, and BullShark—spanning critical security issues such as execution divergence, monotonicity violations, topology flaws, and signature verification failures. Experimental results show that leading large language models—including GPT-5.2 and Claude 4.5—failed to detect any protocol-level vulnerabilities under identical test scenarios.
Agora employs hypothesis-driven testing and a multi-agent collaboration mechanism, enabling deep security analysis of complex distributed systems through automated attack-scenario generation, test execution, and dynamic refinement. Beyond consensus protocols, the framework is designed for future extension to domains including database concurrency control, operating system kernels, and Web3 smart contract auditing.
