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Nakamotois The Bitcoin treasury company building a global portfolio of bitcoin native companies.
The stock of Nakamoto Inc., controlled by Trump crypto ally David Bailey, plunged 99% from its peak.
According to Bloomberg, crypto entrepreneur David Bailey, who played a pivotal role in helping Trump pivot to Bitcoin, has seen the stock of his publicly traded company, Nakamoto Inc., plunge approximately 99% from its peak since the merger announcement in May 2025. Previously, Bailey raised roughly $760 million for the firm to build Bitcoin reserves, and his hedge fund also posted a robust 640% return. This latest downturn reflects the broader collapse of digital asset treasury companies, as the premium investors were previously willing to pay to hold Bitcoin through publicly traded entities has significantly faded. Bailey stated that he maintains irregular contact with the White House and is currently focused on proving that the company retains a viable business foundation despite the crash.
Bitcoin Treasury Companies Shift Strategy: Selling BTC, Repaying Debt, and Betting on AI as Stock Plunges Force Strategic Pivot
Odaily News As Bitcoin prices have experienced a significant correction, publicly listed companies that had accumulated large BTC holdings are facing multiple challenges, including falling stock prices, debt pressures, and a deteriorating financing environment. Some of these companies are now starting to sell Bitcoin, repay debts, and even pivot towards artificial intelligence (AI) data center operations.Strategy pioneered the "Digital Asset Treasury (DAT)" model, continuously purchasing Bitcoin through financing and borrowing, inspiring a wave of other listed companies to follow suit. However, as the BTC price has fallen approximately 50% from its peak of around $126,000 in October 2025, the stock prices of related companies have also shrunk significantly, forcing them to reassess their BTC accumulation strategies.This week, shareholders of London-listed company Satsuma Technology approved the liquidation of all 668 BTC, returning capital to shareholders, while proceeding with delisting. Another London-listed company, The Smarter Web Company, sold 178 BTC to repay its convertible debt.Additionally, Sequans Communications has sold 1,025 BTC and further sold nearly 80% of its remaining holdings to repay convertible bonds. The company stated it will not continue purchasing Bitcoin in the future and plans to sell the remaining approximately 658 BTC.Nakamoto's stock price has fallen approximately 99% since its SPAC listing in May 2025. The company recently sold about 284 BTC, raising approximately $20 million for working capital. Of its remaining approximately 5,342 BTC, nearly 70% has been pledged as collateral for loans from Kraken, which market observers believe poses a potential risk event.Meanwhile, Bitcoin mining companies are also adjusting their strategies. Companies like Bitdeer Technologies and MARA Holdings are selling portions of their BTC to repurchase shares, repay debts, and redirect energy resources and computing infrastructure towards AI data center operations.Other companies selling BTC include Empery Digital. Data shows that Strategy has recently sold approximately 3,620 BTC and has authorized further asset sales to maintain its U.S. dollar reserves.However, Strategy remains the world's largest corporate holder of Bitcoin, with holdings exceeding 840,000 BTC. The company's CEO, Michael Saylor, stated that while it may sell some Bitcoin in the future to pay dividends, this does not mean the company is exiting its Bitcoin investment.Beyond asset adjustments, management and capital operations at some Bitcoin treasury companies are also changing. Jack Mallers has stepped down as CEO; and Bitcoin Standard Treasury Company (BSTR), affiliated with Adam Back, failed to complete a proposed merger due to the deteriorating market environment.Analysts believe that with rising financing costs and increased BTC price volatility, the "borrowing to buy Bitcoin" treasury model is undergoing a reshuffle. Some companies are shifting from simply hoard
Bitcoin Treasury Company Nakamoto Sells Approximately 600 BTC to Repay Debt
the Bitcoin treasury company Nakamoto officially announced that it generated approximately $48 million in net proceeds by selling about 600 BTC and related derivative positions, thereby repaying approximately $45 million in outstanding debt to Kraken. This move is expected to reduce annual financing costs by approximately $4 million.Following the transaction, the company signed a new loan term sheet with Kraken for the remaining 165 million USDT, with a principal of 105 million USDT deferred to June 30, 2027, and an annual interest rate that can be reduced to 7.75% upon meeting the Bitwise custodied wallet collateral threshold. Additionally, the company’s board of directors has authorized a share repurchase program of up to $25 million. Currently, the company still holds approximately 4,467 BTC on its balance sheet. Furthermore, according to a notice from Nasdaq, the company has regained compliance with listing requirements.
Robin Linus Realizes Satoshi's Unfinished Poker Vision: Bitcoin Poker Requires Over 56,000 Transaction Tree Nodes
Odaily News: Researcher Robin Linus has released the Bitcoin Poker protocol, expanding the unfinished poker interface that Satoshi Nakamoto left in Bitcoin's early code in 2008 into a runnable solution. The protocol supports two players in Texas Hold'em without a dealer, using Bitcoin's existing rules to handle gameplay and fund settlement.Bitcoin Poker generates card faces through secret information jointly provided by both parties, generating only the 9 cards needed per hand, and uses cryptographic commitments and zero-knowledge proofs to maintain fair dealing. The protocol can check for duplicate cards, and the probability of a randomly generated hand passing the check is approximately 48%, requiring an average of 2.08 attempts.The protocol pre-builds a transaction tree for possible game outcomes, with a reference configuration containing 56,132 logical nodes and approximately 8.4 MB of preparation data. Normal gameplay occurs off-chain, with transactions used only to handle disputes when cooperation breaks down.If one party refuses to continue, a timeout mechanism can settle the committed pot after a specified delay and return the departing party's unused balance, but cannot force players to reveal their cards. The design requires no modifications to Bitcoin's consensus rules, supports only two participants, and still requires independent security review. (Bitcoin.com News)
US Treasury Secretary Urges Senate to Immediately Vote on the Clarity Act, Citing Satoshi Nakamoto
Odaily News: US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent urged the Senate on Thursday to pass the Clarity Act, stating that the House of Representatives passed the bill over a year ago, and staff from the Senate Banking and Agriculture Committees have since conducted thousands of hours of negotiations on bipartisan amendments. Bessent stated that the bill will enhance consumer protection and anti-money laundering requirements while providing regulatory certainty for digital assets. He also noted that the Blockchain Regulatory Certainty Act provision within the Clarity Act will protect decentralized software developers, making it clear that they are not subject to the registration requirements of the Bank Secrecy Act. Bessent criticized Senate Democrats for delaying the vote for political reasons, arguing that the vote will determine whether the United States maintains its global leadership position in digital assets. He concluded his statement by quoting Bitcoin creator Satoshi Nakamoto: "If you don't believe me or don't get it, I don't have time to try to convince you, sorry." The Clarity Act aims to establish a federal framework for the US digital asset market and divide the regulatory responsibilities for digital assets between the SEC and the CFTC, with most crypto assets generally falling under CFTC jurisdiction. Senate Majority Leader John Thune recently indicated that the bill is not expected to pass the Senate before the August recess.
The four major Bitcoin mining pools control over 70% of the hashrate
According to Odaily, as of June 23, 2026, Foundry Digital, AntPool, ViaBTC, and F2Pool collectively control over 70% of the Bitcoin network's hashrate, with shares of approximately 31%, 18%, 13%, and 10% respectively. Foundry Digital is a US-based mining pool backed by Digital Currency Group, primarily serving large institutions and publicly listed mining companies. In the first half of 2026, D-Central reported a Nakamoto coefficient of 3, meaning that just three mining pools would be enough to produce more than half of the blocks. ViaBTC faced stricter regulatory scrutiny in 2026, prompting some miners to shift to alternative pools like EMCD.
Bitcoin Treasury Company Nakamoto Sells Approximately 600 BTC to Repay Debt
the Bitcoin treasury company Nakamoto officially announced that it generated approximately $48 million in net proceeds by selling about 600 BTC and related derivative positions, thereby repaying approximately $45 million in outstanding debt to Kraken. This move is expected to reduce annual financing costs by approximately $4 million.Following the transaction, the company signed a new loan term sheet with Kraken for the remaining 165 million USDT, with a principal of 105 million USDT deferred to June 30, 2027, and an annual interest rate that can be reduced to 7.75% upon meeting the Bitwise custodied wallet collateral threshold. Additionally, the company’s board of directors has authorized a share repurchase program of up to $25 million. Currently, the company still holds approximately 4,467 BTC on its balance sheet. Furthermore, according to a notice from Nasdaq, the company has regained compliance with listing requirements.
Nakamoto Reduces Debt by $45 Million and Launches Share Buyback Program
Bitcoin treasury company Nakamoto announced the completion of a series of financial strategic adjustments, including reducing $45 million in debt, entering into new loan terms (partially extending repayment deadlines to 2027 and adjusting interest rates), approving a share repurchase program of up to $25 million, regaining Nasdaq compliance eligibility, and currently holding 4,468 bitcoins in reserve.
New York Court Hears Case Claiming Ownership of Bitcoin from Dormant Addresses, Including Satoshi Nakamoto's, Worth a Total of $274 Billion
Galaxy stated in March this year, the New York State Supreme Court quietly accepted a lawsuit seeking to confirm the ownership of over 3.7 million Bitcoin (worth approximately $274 billion) associated with 39,069 Bitcoin addresses. This includes addresses belonging to Bitcoin creator Satoshi Nakamoto (a total of 21,744 addresses holding 1.09 million Bitcoin, valued at $83.7 billion at current prices).The plaintiff is Noah Doe (a pseudonym) and two unnamed Wyoming limited liability companies. Noah Doe requests the New York State Supreme Court to declare, via a declaratory judgment action (New York Civil Practice Law and Rules Section 3001) under the New York State Abandoned Property Law (Personal Property Law Article 7-B), that they possess ownership of these dormant addresses.In short, they seek a ruling from a New York court that the Bitcoin belonging to founder Satoshi Nakamoto (along with many other lost Bitcoin addresses) constitutes abandoned property. They argue they are entitled to legal ownership by virtue of "finding" these cryptocurrencies. From June 30 to July 10, 2025, they sent "disclaimer notices" to each found address via OP_RETURN.However, even if they win the case entirely, they will ultimately only obtain a court declaration. They will not receive any private keys, nor will they be able to transfer any Bitcoin from these addresses. But Galaxy states that the true value of the New York ruling lies in its ability to act as a "cloud on title." If these Bitcoins ever appear on any regulated platform, plaintiff Noah Doe could use this document to file a claim with an exchange or custodian.
Glassnode: Approximately 6.26 million BTC are held in addresses with revealed public keys, accounting for 31.2% of the supply.
According to Rafael (@n3ocortex), co-founder of the on-chain analytics platform Glassnode, public keys for approximately 6.26M BTC (31.2% of total supply) are now publicly visible on-chain, marking a further rise from 24.8% in early 2021 and returning to 2016 levels. Specifically, address reuse has led to the exposure of public keys for 4.33M BTC, with an additional 1.71M BTC exposed due to P2PK script types (including 1.10M BTC attributed to Satoshi Nakamoto), and 222K BTC exposed via Taproot addresses. At the institutional level, exchanges collectively hold 1.79M BTC with visible public keys, with exposure rates varying significantly across platforms: 10% for Coinbase, 83% for Binance, and 100% for Bitfinex; 49% for Grayscale, 99% for Revolut, and 100% for Robinhood. Fidelity accounts for just 2%, while the exposure rate for holdings by the US, UK, and Salvadoran governments remains at 0%.
After 16 years of dormancy, 600 Bitcoin worth $48 million suddenly moved.
According to on-chain data, 600 BTC worth approximately $48 million were transferred on September 5 from an address dormant for 16 years. The tracking platform Whale Alert confirmed that the funds do not belong to Satoshi Nakamoto.
Michael Saylor Calls for Advancing "Bitcoin Reform," Supporting Institutional Expansion and Custody Options
According to Bitcoin.com, Michael Saylor, Executive Chairman of Strategy (MSTR), introduced the concept of "Bitcoin Reformation" in a published article, arguing that Bitcoin should move beyond dogmatic interpretations of early tenets such as Satoshi Nakamoto, the whitepaper, and the "must self-custody" principle, and further integrate into banking, exchanges, corporate sectors, securities markets, and government systems. Saylor stated that while self-custody remains an essential right allowing holders to freely opt out of intermediary systems, it should not be imposed as a mandatory obligation on everyone; users can also evaluate institutional services based on criteria such as custody segregation, collateral, audits, insurance, and withdrawal rights. He believes that Bitcoin has gradually evolved from a peer-to-peer electronic cash system and "digital gold" into "digital capital" capable of supporting credit, equity, currency, and machine economies.
ECX hard fork to launch in three phases, with the permanent version scheduled for release on October 31
Odaily News, ECX developer Paul Sztorc has announced that the ECX hard fork will be rolled out in three phases, rather than the originally planned single release on August 23. ECX is a new blockchain that replicates the complete transaction history of Bitcoin at specified block heights. Nearly all Bitcoin holders, except for those holding a portion of Satoshi Nakamoto's Bitcoins, will receive an equivalent amount of ECX, while the Bitcoin network itself remains unchanged. The first Alpha version will be activated on August 23 at block height 963,648, the Beta version will go live on September 20 at block height 967,680, and the permanent full version is scheduled for release on October 31 at block height 973,728. Tokens collected during the Alpha and Beta phases can be burned and exchanged for official ECX once the permanent chain goes live. ECX's replay protection remains an optional mechanism. The official wallet will enable this protection and remind users before executing transactions. Paul Sztorc stated that if users ignore the reminders, ECX will replay their Bitcoin transactions, causing the associated Bitcoins to be transferred out along with the user's actions and moved to new holders. October 31 also marks the 18th anniversary of Satoshi Nakamoto publishing the Bitcoin whitepaper.
Bitcoin Treasury Companies Shift Strategy: Selling BTC, Repaying Debt, and Betting on AI as Stock Plunges Force Strategic Pivot
Odaily News As Bitcoin prices have experienced a significant correction, publicly listed companies that had accumulated large BTC holdings are facing multiple challenges, including falling stock prices, debt pressures, and a deteriorating financing environment. Some of these companies are now starting to sell Bitcoin, repay debts, and even pivot towards artificial intelligence (AI) data center operations.Strategy pioneered the "Digital Asset Treasury (DAT)" model, continuously purchasing Bitcoin through financing and borrowing, inspiring a wave of other listed companies to follow suit. However, as the BTC price has fallen approximately 50% from its peak of around $126,000 in October 2025, the stock prices of related companies have also shrunk significantly, forcing them to reassess their BTC accumulation strategies.This week, shareholders of London-listed company Satsuma Technology approved the liquidation of all 668 BTC, returning capital to shareholders, while proceeding with delisting. Another London-listed company, The Smarter Web Company, sold 178 BTC to repay its convertible debt.Additionally, Sequans Communications has sold 1,025 BTC and further sold nearly 80% of its remaining holdings to repay convertible bonds. The company stated it will not continue purchasing Bitcoin in the future and plans to sell the remaining approximately 658 BTC.Nakamoto's stock price has fallen approximately 99% since its SPAC listing in May 2025. The company recently sold about 284 BTC, raising approximately $20 million for working capital. Of its remaining approximately 5,342 BTC, nearly 70% has been pledged as collateral for loans from Kraken, which market observers believe poses a potential risk event.Meanwhile, Bitcoin mining companies are also adjusting their strategies. Companies like Bitdeer Technologies and MARA Holdings are selling portions of their BTC to repurchase shares, repay debts, and redirect energy resources and computing infrastructure towards AI data center operations.Other companies selling BTC include Empery Digital. Data shows that Strategy has recently sold approximately 3,620 BTC and has authorized further asset sales to maintain its U.S. dollar reserves.However, Strategy remains the world's largest corporate holder of Bitcoin, with holdings exceeding 840,000 BTC. The company's CEO, Michael Saylor, stated that while it may sell some Bitcoin in the future to pay dividends, this does not mean the company is exiting its Bitcoin investment.Beyond asset adjustments, management and capital operations at some Bitcoin treasury companies are also changing. Jack Mallers has stepped down as CEO; and Bitcoin Standard Treasury Company (BSTR), affiliated with Adam Back, failed to complete a proposed merger due to the deteriorating market environment.Analysts believe that with rising financing costs and increased BTC price volatility, the "borrowing to buy Bitcoin" treasury model is undergoing a reshuffle. Some companies are shifting from simply hoard
Multiple listed companies are abandoning their bitcoin reserve strategies, with Bitdeer, Prenetics, and others having fully liquidated their BTC holdings
Odaily Odaily报道，VanEck数字资产研究主管Matthew Sigel在X平台发文表示，自2026年以来，多家采用数字资产财库（DAT）策略的上市公司已放弃或调整比特币储备策略。其中，Satsuma Technology、Bitdeer、Prenetics、Genius Group、Vaultz Capital、MAIA Biotechnology等公司已出售全部比特币或数字资产持仓；MARA Holdings、Strategy、Nakamoto、Smarter Web Company、Cango等则通过出售部分比特币用于偿债、回购股份或补充营运资金。此外，Exodus、DigitalX等企业也由单纯囤币转向主动管理数字资产持仓。
Justin Sun: From Studying Alone at Age 9 to Steering TRON, "Ultimate Solitude Is Also a Form of Freedom"
TRON founder Justin Sun recently gave an exclusive interview to Bonnie Blockchain, making it rare for him to open up about his personal upbringing and industry judgments. Sun revealed that at age nine, he was sent to boarding school by his parents, who later divorced, forcing him to live independently from that point onward. He summarized this experience as "extreme loneliness is also a form of freedom"—while most people do not truly make decisions for themselves until they are 18 or even 30, he began doing so at age nine. This premature independence shaped the underlying mindset behind his later audacious moves, such as paying $6.2 million for an absurdly priced banana, signing deals with Moon, and bidding on a lunch with Warren Buffett. Sun issued a warning regarding Quantum Threat Day (Q-Day), stating that if quantum computers crack Satoshi Nakamoto's early public keys, approximately one million BTC could be unlocked, delivering a catastrophic impact on the market—a risk he believes Wall Street and institutions like BlackRock have severely underestimated. While the Bitcoin community has been slow to upgrade, TRON has already deployed NIST post-quantum cryptography standards on its testnet. Sun also established the "Justin Sun Award," offering up to $1 million in rewards through a vulnerability bounty model for major mathematical breakthroughs, open to both humans and AI, with OpenAI already securing one of the top prizes.
David Bailey: "BIP-110 Failure" Strengthens Bitcoin Resilience, Consensus Mechanism Undergoes Stress Test
David Bailey, Chairman and CEO of Nasdaq-listed Bitcoin treasury company Nakamoto, stated that the failure of the so-called long-standing "BIP-110" controversy constitutes an "extremely bullish" outcome for Bitcoin, and believes this further validates the network's attack resistance and anti-splitting capabilities.
CZ Revisits Bitcoin’s Response to the Quantum Computing Threat: The Community May Face Three Options
CZ shared the interview video on X, discussing the potential impact of quantum computing on Bitcoin’s cryptographic system—including threats to Satoshi Nakamoto’s Bitcoin holdings. If future quantum attacks break the legacy cryptographic system, the community may face three possible options.
Paradigm researcher proposes timestamp escape mechanism to protect early Bitcoin from quantum computing threats
Paradigm researcher Dan Robinson proposed a new scheme called PACT (Prove Address Control with Timestamp), aimed at protecting long-dormant Bitcoin, including Satoshi Nakamoto's early addresses, from future quantum computing attacks.The mechanism allows users to prove control over an address via a timestamp without transferring assets or exposing on-chain activity. Should a future quantum attack occur, assets can be recovered based on this proof within a quantum-resistant version of the Bitcoin network.Compared to mandatory migration schemes such as BIP-361, PACT avoids the privacy exposure issues caused by proactively transferring assets, offering long-term holders a more flexible proactive protection path.
Developer proposes to fork Bitcoin eCash, reallocate Satoshi Nakamoto's BTC holdings
Paul Sztorc, a developer who has long focused on Bitcoin scaling solutions, proposed a Bitcoin hard fork named eCash, set to occur at block height 964,000 in August 2026. Users holding BTC at the time of the fork will receive eCash on a 1:1 basis, and the new chain will introduce the Drivechains sidechain architecture. The controversy mainly centers on the plan to pre-allocate a portion of the eCash corresponding to the Satoshi Nakamoto address on the new chain to early investors, a move that has drawn criticism from the community, with some accusing it of "stealing" tokens. Paul Sztorc stated that this initiative aims to provide incentives for development and collaboration before the project's launch.
Bitcoin’s Quantum Security Crisis: 6.9 Million BTC at Risk, Governance Challenges Impede Response
According to CoinDesk, while quantum computers cannot break Bitcoin’s mining mechanism or blockchain ledger, they could potentially crack the elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) that secures wallet ownership—using Shor’s algorithm. Currently, approximately 6.9 million BTC—roughly one-third of the total supply—are at potential risk because their public keys are already visible on-chain; this includes Satoshi Nakamoto’s estimated early holdings of about 1 million BTC. Transactions generated after Ethereum’s 2021 Taproot upgrade are similarly exposed due to public key disclosure. Ethereum has maintained an official post-quantum migration plan since 2018, with four full-time teams and over ten independent development groups, and operates a dedicated progress website at pq.ethereum.org. In contrast, Bitcoin currently lacks a unified roadmap for quantum resistance: existing proposals such as BIP-360 and BitMEX Research’s detection framework have not gained broad support among core developers. Prominent Bitcoin advocate Nic Carter has bluntly labeled Bitcoin’s quantum response “the worst,” while Blockstream CEO Adam Back acknowledges that current quantum systems remain confined to laboratory settings—but still endorses deploying optional upgrade paths in advance. Analysts note that Bitcoin’s decentralized governance culture makes coordinating large-scale security upgrades extremely difficult, and resolving historical issues—such as how to handle Satoshi’s holdings—presents a particularly thorny dilemma. A related Google paper warns that once quantum attacks become feasible, the window for effective response may already have closed.
Justin Sun: From Studying Alone at Age 9 to Steering TRON, "Ultimate Solitude Is Also a Form of Freedom"
TRON founder Justin Sun recently gave an exclusive interview to Bonnie Blockchain, making it rare for him to open up about his personal upbringing and industry judgments. Sun revealed that at age nine, he was sent to boarding school by his parents, who later divorced, forcing him to live independently from that point onward. He summarized this experience as "extreme loneliness is also a form of freedom"—while most people do not truly make decisions for themselves until they are 18 or even 30, he began doing so at age nine. This premature independence shaped the underlying mindset behind his later audacious moves, such as paying $6.2 million for an absurdly priced banana, signing deals with Moon, and bidding on a lunch with Warren Buffett. Sun issued a warning regarding Quantum Threat Day (Q-Day), stating that if quantum computers crack Satoshi Nakamoto's early public keys, approximately one million BTC could be unlocked, delivering a catastrophic impact on the market—a risk he believes Wall Street and institutions like BlackRock have severely underestimated. While the Bitcoin community has been slow to upgrade, TRON has already deployed NIST post-quantum cryptography standards on its testnet. Sun also established the "Justin Sun Award," offering up to $1 million in rewards through a vulnerability bounty model for major mathematical breakthroughs, open to both humans and AI, with OpenAI already securing one of the top prizes.
Arkham: Justin Sun's tagged wallets hold $2.25 billion on-chain across 10 blockchains
blockchain data platform Arkham stated on X that it has tagged Justin Sun's wallet addresses across 10 blockchains, with on-chain assets totaling approximately $2.25 billion. Arkham added that its research team previously ranked Justin Sun in September as the individual holder with the second-largest on-chain holdings, behind only Bitcoin founder Satoshi Nakamoto.
Robin Linus Realizes Satoshi's Unfinished Poker Vision: Bitcoin Poker Requires Over 56,000 Transaction Tree Nodes
Odaily News: Researcher Robin Linus has released the Bitcoin Poker protocol, expanding the unfinished poker interface that Satoshi Nakamoto left in Bitcoin's early code in 2008 into a runnable solution. The protocol supports two players in Texas Hold'em without a dealer, using Bitcoin's existing rules to handle gameplay and fund settlement.Bitcoin Poker generates card faces through secret information jointly provided by both parties, generating only the 9 cards needed per hand, and uses cryptographic commitments and zero-knowledge proofs to maintain fair dealing. The protocol can check for duplicate cards, and the probability of a randomly generated hand passing the check is approximately 48%, requiring an average of 2.08 attempts.The protocol pre-builds a transaction tree for possible game outcomes, with a reference configuration containing 56,132 logical nodes and approximately 8.4 MB of preparation data. Normal gameplay occurs off-chain, with transactions used only to handle disputes when cooperation breaks down.If one party refuses to continue, a timeout mechanism can settle the committed pot after a specified delay and return the departing party's unused balance, but cannot force players to reveal their cards. The design requires no modifications to Bitcoin's consensus rules, supports only two participants, and still requires independent security review. (Bitcoin.com News)
Michael Saylor Calls for Advancing "Bitcoin Reform," Supporting Institutional Expansion and Custody Options
According to Bitcoin.com, Michael Saylor, Executive Chairman of Strategy (MSTR), introduced the concept of "Bitcoin Reformation" in a published article, arguing that Bitcoin should move beyond dogmatic interpretations of early tenets such as Satoshi Nakamoto, the whitepaper, and the "must self-custody" principle, and further integrate into banking, exchanges, corporate sectors, securities markets, and government systems. Saylor stated that while self-custody remains an essential right allowing holders to freely opt out of intermediary systems, it should not be imposed as a mandatory obligation on everyone; users can also evaluate institutional services based on criteria such as custody segregation, collateral, audits, insurance, and withdrawal rights. He believes that Bitcoin has gradually evolved from a peer-to-peer electronic cash system and "digital gold" into "digital capital" capable of supporting credit, equity, currency, and machine economies.
ECX Plans Mainnet Launch on October 31, Most Bitcoin Holders Eligible for 1:1 ECX Allocation
Odaily News ECX plans to launch in three phases. The Alpha phase will go live around Bitcoin block height 963,648, the Beta phase is expected on September 20 at block height 967,680, and the permanent mainnet is scheduled to launch on October 31 at block height 973,728. The project is driven by Paul Sztorc, founder and lead of Layertwo Labs, and developer of Drivechains and BIP-300/301.ECX will replicate the transaction ledger of a designated Bitcoin snapshot and allocate ECX to the majority of Bitcoin holders on a 1:1 basis on the new network. Users who control their private keys via self-custody wallets at the time of the snapshot can directly claim the corresponding assets, while users on exchanges and other custodian platforms will need to wait for those platforms to decide whether to support the fork and ECX distribution. Original BTC will not be exchanged, locked, or transferred.ECX plans to initially launch seven dedicated sidechains: Thunder, Zside, Bitnames, Bitassets, Photon, Truthcoin, and Coinshift. Of the approximately 1.1 million early Bitcoin associated with addresses linked to Satoshi Nakamoto, around 600,000 ECX will continue to be allocated to these addresses, while approximately 500,000 ECX will be transferred via special transactions as funding for early investors and development, without affecting BTC on the Bitcoin network. (Bitcoin.com News)
ECX hard fork to launch in three phases, with the permanent version scheduled for release on October 31
Odaily News, ECX developer Paul Sztorc has announced that the ECX hard fork will be rolled out in three phases, rather than the originally planned single release on August 23. ECX is a new blockchain that replicates the complete transaction history of Bitcoin at specified block heights. Nearly all Bitcoin holders, except for those holding a portion of Satoshi Nakamoto's Bitcoins, will receive an equivalent amount of ECX, while the Bitcoin network itself remains unchanged. The first Alpha version will be activated on August 23 at block height 963,648, the Beta version will go live on September 20 at block height 967,680, and the permanent full version is scheduled for release on October 31 at block height 973,728. Tokens collected during the Alpha and Beta phases can be burned and exchanged for official ECX once the permanent chain goes live. ECX's replay protection remains an optional mechanism. The official wallet will enable this protection and remind users before executing transactions. Paul Sztorc stated that if users ignore the reminders, ECX will replay their Bitcoin transactions, causing the associated Bitcoins to be transferred out along with the user's actions and moved to new holders. October 31 also marks the 18th anniversary of Satoshi Nakamoto publishing the Bitcoin whitepaper.
Related news
Justin Sun: From Studying Alone at Age 9 to Steering TRON, "Ultimate Solitude Is Also a Form of Freedom"
TRON founder Justin Sun recently gave an exclusive interview to Bonnie Blockchain, making it rare for him to open up about his personal upbringing and industry judgments. Sun revealed that at age nine, he was sent to boarding school by his parents, who later divorced, forcing him to live independently from that point onward. He summarized this experience as "extreme loneliness is also a form of freedom"—while most people do not truly make decisions for themselves until they are 18 or even 30, he began doing so at age nine. This premature independence shaped the underlying mindset behind his later audacious moves, such as paying $6.2 million for an absurdly priced banana, signing deals with Moon, and bidding on a lunch with Warren Buffett. Sun issued a warning regarding Quantum Threat Day (Q-Day), stating that if quantum computers crack Satoshi Nakamoto's early public keys, approximately one million BTC could be unlocked, delivering a catastrophic impact on the market—a risk he believes Wall Street and institutions like BlackRock have severely underestimated. While the Bitcoin community has been slow to upgrade, TRON has already deployed NIST post-quantum cryptography standards on its testnet. Sun also established the "Justin Sun Award," offering up to $1 million in rewards through a vulnerability bounty model for major mathematical breakthroughs, open to both humans and AI, with OpenAI already securing one of the top prizes.
Arkham: Justin Sun's tagged wallets hold $2.25 billion on-chain across 10 blockchains
blockchain data platform Arkham stated on X that it has tagged Justin Sun's wallet addresses across 10 blockchains, with on-chain assets totaling approximately $2.25 billion. Arkham added that its research team previously ranked Justin Sun in September as the individual holder with the second-largest on-chain holdings, behind only Bitcoin founder Satoshi Nakamoto.
Glassnode: Approximately 6.26 million BTC are held in addresses with revealed public keys, accounting for 31.2% of the supply.
According to Rafael (@n3ocortex), co-founder of the on-chain analytics platform Glassnode, public keys for approximately 6.26M BTC (31.2% of total supply) are now publicly visible on-chain, marking a further rise from 24.8% in early 2021 and returning to 2016 levels. Specifically, address reuse has led to the exposure of public keys for 4.33M BTC, with an additional 1.71M BTC exposed due to P2PK script types (including 1.10M BTC attributed to Satoshi Nakamoto), and 222K BTC exposed via Taproot addresses. At the institutional level, exchanges collectively hold 1.79M BTC with visible public keys, with exposure rates varying significantly across platforms: 10% for Coinbase, 83% for Binance, and 100% for Bitfinex; 49% for Grayscale, 99% for Revolut, and 100% for Robinhood. Fidelity accounts for just 2%, while the exposure rate for holdings by the US, UK, and Salvadoran governments remains at 0%.
Robin Linus Realizes Satoshi's Unfinished Poker Vision: Bitcoin Poker Requires Over 56,000 Transaction Tree Nodes
Odaily News: Researcher Robin Linus has released the Bitcoin Poker protocol, expanding the unfinished poker interface that Satoshi Nakamoto left in Bitcoin's early code in 2008 into a runnable solution. The protocol supports two players in Texas Hold'em without a dealer, using Bitcoin's existing rules to handle gameplay and fund settlement.Bitcoin Poker generates card faces through secret information jointly provided by both parties, generating only the 9 cards needed per hand, and uses cryptographic commitments and zero-knowledge proofs to maintain fair dealing. The protocol can check for duplicate cards, and the probability of a randomly generated hand passing the check is approximately 48%, requiring an average of 2.08 attempts.The protocol pre-builds a transaction tree for possible game outcomes, with a reference configuration containing 56,132 logical nodes and approximately 8.4 MB of preparation data. Normal gameplay occurs off-chain, with transactions used only to handle disputes when cooperation breaks down.If one party refuses to continue, a timeout mechanism can settle the committed pot after a specified delay and return the departing party's unused balance, but cannot force players to reveal their cards. The design requires no modifications to Bitcoin's consensus rules, supports only two participants, and still requires independent security review. (Bitcoin.com News)
After 16 years of dormancy, 600 Bitcoin worth $48 million suddenly moved.
According to on-chain data, 600 BTC worth approximately $48 million were transferred on September 5 from an address dormant for 16 years. The tracking platform Whale Alert confirmed that the funds do not belong to Satoshi Nakamoto.
Bitcoin Early Miner Addresses Collectively Stir: 350 BTC Surfaces but Unrelated to Satoshi Nakamoto
Odaily News According to Whale Alert monitoring, the dormant Bitcoin transactions that moved yesterday originated from multiple early mining addresses. These addresses mined 50 BTC at Bitcoin block heights 43361, 43452, 43647, 43680, 43765, 43855, and 43871, respectively, involving a total of 350 BTC. However, according to research findings, none of the aforementioned blocks were mined by Bitcoin founder Satoshi Nakamoto.