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Mind Network is an "HTTPZ" infrastructure that employs total homomorphic encryption (FHE) to usher Web3 into a new era of quantum resistance and end-to-end encryption. Mind Network offers unique solutions for data sovereignty protection, fair consensus, private voting, secure cross-chain transport, and trusted AI.
Vitalik: Diamond iO Enables Programs to Run While Hiding Internal Logic and Critical Data
Odaily Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has published a new article introducing Diamond iO, a novel cryptographic obfuscation technique. This technology aims to address the extreme inefficiency of traditional indistinguishability obfuscation (iO) schemes, allowing programs to execute while hiding their internal logic and critical data. Traditional iO technology offers privacy protection but at a high computational cost. Diamond iO, by adopting more aggressive new cryptographic assumptions, improves computational efficiency from "cosmological time" to "planetary time," bringing it closer to practical application. Diamond iO is built on technologies such as Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) and Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE). It encrypts programs, enabling users to execute the encrypted program and obtain correct outputs without viewing its internal code or hidden keys. This scheme introduces a new input encoding mechanism and conditional decryption method, reducing computational complexity while ensuring program logic is hidden. Its core application scenarios include protecting programs containing private keys, enabling secure software licensing, building trustless cryptographic services, and supporting blockchain and AI systems with stronger privacy guarantees.Diamond iO is still in its early research stages. Its security depends on novel cryptographic assumptions, including All-Product LWE and Evasive LWE, which require further research and validation. At the same time, the technology still faces efficiency challenges such as high computational overhead and circuit depth limitations. Researchers believe that by optimizing underlying hash functions, improving homomorphic encryption schemes, and reducing security parameter requirements, Diamond iO has the potential to become an important direction for advancing practical program obfuscation technology in the future.
Vitalik Recommends "The Interfold" Project: A General Implementation of MACI for Privacy Protocols
Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin recommended the "The Interfold" project in a post, stating that more people should learn about Interfold. It is a general implementation version of the MACI (Minimal Anti-Collusion Infrastructure) concept he has repeatedly called for over the past decade. Essentially, this project is a privacy protocol optimized for scenarios such as voting and secret auctions, allowing more people to pay attention to and understand this technological advancement.Vitalik also stated that the core mechanisms of Interfold include generating threshold encryption keys, users submitting votes on-chain with ZKP eligibility proofs, performing arbitrary computations within Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) followed by threshold decryption. This enables unconditional voter anonymity, Ethereum-level censorship resistance, and ensures correctness through ZK over FHE, among other strong security guarantees. The main limitation at present is the high cost of complex computations (such as multiplication operations); only additive vote counting is mature. Optimizations based on slashing are being advanced, with a long-term goal of implementing obfuscation techniques to eliminate reliance on M-of-N committees.
Privacy-preserving computation company Zama acquires TokenOps to deploy FHE-based encrypted token distribution solutions for institutional issuers
According to The Block, privacy computing company Zama has acquired TokenOps, an enterprise-grade token lifecycle management platform, with plans to integrate fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) into institutional-grade token vesting, airdrops, and equity structure management. Zama stated that TokenOps has processed over $2 billion in distributions. Following the acquisition, issuers will be able to execute end-to-end token distribution, release schedules, and recipient identity verification—all on-chain and encrypted—based on the ERC-7984 Confidential Token standard. This solution is already live in production at KAIO, whose partner institutions include BlackRock, Hamilton Lane, and Brevan Howard. TokenOps will continue operating under its independent brand post-acquisition.
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Vitalik: Diamond iO Enables Programs to Run While Hiding Internal Logic and Critical Data
Odaily Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has published a new article introducing Diamond iO, a novel cryptographic obfuscation technique. This technology aims to address the extreme inefficiency of traditional indistinguishability obfuscation (iO) schemes, allowing programs to execute while hiding their internal logic and critical data. Traditional iO technology offers privacy protection but at a high computational cost. Diamond iO, by adopting more aggressive new cryptographic assumptions, improves computational efficiency from "cosmological time" to "planetary time," bringing it closer to practical application. Diamond iO is built on technologies such as Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) and Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE). It encrypts programs, enabling users to execute the encrypted program and obtain correct outputs without viewing its internal code or hidden keys. This scheme introduces a new input encoding mechanism and conditional decryption method, reducing computational complexity while ensuring program logic is hidden. Its core application scenarios include protecting programs containing private keys, enabling secure software licensing, building trustless cryptographic services, and supporting blockchain and AI systems with stronger privacy guarantees.Diamond iO is still in its early research stages. Its security depends on novel cryptographic assumptions, including All-Product LWE and Evasive LWE, which require further research and validation. At the same time, the technology still faces efficiency challenges such as high computational overhead and circuit depth limitations. Researchers believe that by optimizing underlying hash functions, improving homomorphic encryption schemes, and reducing security parameter requirements, Diamond iO has the potential to become an important direction for advancing practical program obfuscation technology in the future.
Fhenix Acquires Sunscreen, Its Founder Ravitals Will Be Responsible for Research Work
According to official news, the fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) blockchain project Fhenix announced it has acquired Sunscreen and welcomed its founder Ravitals to join the team, responsible for Fhenix's research work.
Vitalik: Cryptographic Obfuscation Achieves Milestone Progress, But Practical Implementation Still Faces "Universe-Level" Performance Challenges
As disclosed in Vitalik Buterin's blog post (June 29, 2026), the most powerful primitive in the field of cryptography—indistinguishability obfuscation (iO)—has been theoretically achieved under reasonable security assumptions, but the current scheme's runtime still far exceeds the lifespan of the universe, leaving a huge gap to practical application. iO can transform any program into an "encrypted program", preserving input-output functionality while hiding internal logic, and is regarded as the ultimate cryptographic tool approaching a "trustless trusted third party". Combined with blockchain, it can theoretically enable high-value applications such as secure private voting systems without multi-party committees. The existing strictest schemes require nesting multiple layers of cryptographic primitives such as Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE), Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE), Functional Encryption (FE), and Randomized Encoding (XiO), superimposed with sub-exponential security parameter requirements, resulting in comprehensive overhead reaching the order of λ10λ10, making it practically inoperable. The article points out three future breakthrough paths: first, compressing the existing technology stack through algorithm optimization; second, building simpler schemes based on more aggressive lattice cryptography assumptions (such as diamond iO); third, exploring entirely new constructions that do not rely on lattices at all (such as local mixed obfuscation). The author believes that once any path succeeds, it will mean that the "problem is basically solved" in the field of cryptography.
Vitalik Recommends "The Interfold" Project: A General Implementation of MACI for Privacy Protocols
Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin recommended the "The Interfold" project in a post, stating that more people should learn about Interfold. It is a general implementation version of the MACI (Minimal Anti-Collusion Infrastructure) concept he has repeatedly called for over the past decade. Essentially, this project is a privacy protocol optimized for scenarios such as voting and secret auctions, allowing more people to pay attention to and understand this technological advancement.Vitalik also stated that the core mechanisms of Interfold include generating threshold encryption keys, users submitting votes on-chain with ZKP eligibility proofs, performing arbitrary computations within Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) followed by threshold decryption. This enables unconditional voter anonymity, Ethereum-level censorship resistance, and ensures correctness through ZK over FHE, among other strong security guarantees. The main limitation at present is the high cost of complex computations (such as multiplication operations); only additive vote counting is mature. Optimizations based on slashing are being advanced, with a long-term goal of implementing obfuscation techniques to eliminate reliance on M-of-N committees.
Privacy-preserving computation company Zama acquires TokenOps to deploy FHE-based encrypted token distribution solutions for institutional issuers
According to The Block, privacy computing company Zama has acquired TokenOps, an enterprise-grade token lifecycle management platform, with plans to integrate fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) into institutional-grade token vesting, airdrops, and equity structure management. Zama stated that TokenOps has processed over $2 billion in distributions. Following the acquisition, issuers will be able to execute end-to-end token distribution, release schedules, and recipient identity verification—all on-chain and encrypted—based on the ERC-7984 Confidential Token standard. This solution is already live in production at KAIO, whose partner institutions include BlackRock, Hamilton Lane, and Brevan Howard. TokenOps will continue operating under its independent brand post-acquisition.