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Project Overview
Centre, founded by Circle and Coinbase, is the first independent, open-source standards organization with a focus on providing a framework for fully-reserved fiat-backed stablecoin issuance based on the principles of transparency and integrity. The first Centre standard stablecoin, USD Coin (USDC), has become a leading stablecoin on the market, supporting a fast-growing ecosystem and driving inclusive user growth.
Australia has cancelled, suspended, or refused to renew 45 crypto and remittance registrations over the past year
Odaily News: The Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre (AUSTRAC) has stated that over the past year, it has cancelled, suspended, or refused to renew 45 registrations for cryptocurrency and remittance businesses, targeting service providers that are inactive, insolvent, or not operationally capable.AUSTRAC CEO Brendan Thomas stated that businesses whose registrations have been cancelled are not permitted to continue operating, and that some individuals involved have been referred to Australian and overseas law enforcement or regulatory cooperation agencies. Additional issues cited include failure to report material changes, incorrect registration information, and significant money laundering or terrorist financing risks.AUSTRAC noted that the virtual asset service provider registration of GetCoins, a brand under BA Digital Ventures, was cancelled in June following customer complaints. The agency stated that GetCoins is suspected of being exploited by organized cryptocurrency investment scam activities, and that this action, taken in collaboration with the National Anti-Scam Centre, helped disrupt related activity.AUSTRAC did not disclose the full list of 45 businesses, nor did it provide a breakdown of crypto versus remittance service providers. The public VASP register shows that recent actions have also involved Cryptolink, Self Custody, Jam Xchange, and Coinsec Australia; AUSTRAC has also launched an investigation into Western Union and suspended Cryptolink's cryptocurrency ATM network. (Cointelegraph)
Australia to Implement Cryptocurrency "Travel Rule" from July; Exchange Transfers Must Include Sender and Receiver Information
According to Cointelegraph, Australia will officially implement the cryptocurrency "Travel Rule" starting from July. At that time, when users conduct incoming and outgoing transfers on locally regulated cryptocurrency exchanges, they must provide the name and platform information of the payee or payer; when transferring to self-custody wallets, they also need to confirm address ownership. This rule is enforced by the Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre, applies to transfers of all amounts, and aims to strengthen transaction traceability to prevent money laundering, terrorist financing, and fraud activities.
Kraken's parent company receives in-principle approval in Kazakhstan to provide crypto trading and custody services
Payward, the parent company of Kraken, has received an in-principle approval from Kazakhstan's AFSA. It plans to provide digital asset trading, investment trading, and custody services through Payward Kazakhstan at the Astana International Financial Centre. Upon securing the final license, local users will also gain access to Kraken's global order book and major market liquidity.
Kazakhstan Court Bans Six Platforms Including Coinbase and BingX from Providing Unauthorized Digital Asset Services
The Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) Court in Kazakhstan has issued an injunction against cryptocurrency platforms offering digital asset services without authorization, prohibiting Coinbase, BingX, Huobi Global (HTX), BitMart, Bitcoin.com, and WEEX from operating within its jurisdiction, and extending the restrictions to block access to their apps on Google and Apple app stores.
Dubai DIFC Courts Integrate with Avalanche Blockchain for Second-Level Verification of Cross-Border Documents
According to the Avalanche official blog, the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC) Court has announced the adoption of Avalanche blockchain technology to issue globally verifiable digital authenticity credentials for its court orders and hearing records. By binding encrypted file hashes to unique NFT credentials on the Avalanche C-Chain, the system enables any institution to verify document authenticity in seconds without needing to contact the court, while file contents and confidential information remain completely off-chain to ensure full privacy. With settlement speeds under one second, the recorded data is immutable and irreversible. Additionally, the United Arab Emirates Telecommunications and Digital Government Regulatory Authority (TDRA) is collaborating with Ava Labs to integrate Avalanche technology into the blockchain layer of UAE PASS’s Digital Vault. Serving more than 12.5 million users, this initiative will further advance the establishment of a trusted on-chain verification framework for UAE government documents.
Europol: Crypto Wallets Are the Primary Exposure Point for Quantum Attacks
Odaily reports: Europol released two reports on Wednesday, urging organizations, policymakers, and the cryptocurrency industry to immediately prepare for the threat of quantum computing. Its European Cybercrime Centre noted that cryptocurrency wallet keys are the primary exposure point for quantum attacks, while the hash functions used to secure blockchains currently remain largely quantum-resistant.The reports state that a sufficiently capable quantum computer could derive private keys from exposed public keys, enabling attackers to transfer assets without authorization. Wallets whose public keys have already been exposed on-chain cannot be protected retroactively; holders need to migrate their assets to new wallets before an attack occurs.Glassnode estimated in May that 6.04 million BTC, representing 30.2% of the issued supply, have exposed public keys. The reports note that NIST-standardized post-quantum signatures are 10 to 120 times larger than the ECDSA signatures currently used by Bitcoin, and migrating all Bitcoin unspent transaction outputs would require at least 76 cumulative days of downtime.A second report published by Europol points out that commonly used protocols such as TLS, SSH, and OpenPGP face "harvest now, decrypt later" risks, but there is currently no clear evidence that this approach has been exploited at scale. The report argues that for payments, immediate interception within the brief window before transaction confirmation poses a more direct quantum risk than post-hoc decryption. (Decrypt)
Spanish police arrest 16-year-old suspected of operating crypto ransomware KillSec
Odaily News: Spanish police have arrested a 16-year-old Romanian national in Alicante on suspicion of being the administrator and primary operator of the KillSec ransomware group. Europol stated that law enforcement agencies have seized control of the group's servers and leak site, and preserved at least 110 TB of stolen data.The operation involved searches at 8 residences across Spain, Greece, Romania, and the United Kingdom, investigating approximately 1,000 suspected attacks worldwide, of which about 500 have been confirmed successful. Two other suspects in their 20s were arrested in the UK and Romania respectively, while a Dutch national residing in the UK was indicted and arrested in Puerto Rico, awaiting extradition.KillSec has been active since around 2024, often demanding ransoms in cryptocurrency and carrying out double extortion through encrypted servers and threats to publish stolen data. Investigators are tracing the group's proceeds, including cryptocurrency; Europol's European Cybercrime Centre provided cryptocurrency tracing and digital forensics support. (Decrypt)
Australia has cancelled, suspended, or refused to renew 45 crypto and remittance registrations over the past year
Odaily News: The Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre (AUSTRAC) has stated that over the past year, it has cancelled, suspended, or refused to renew 45 registrations for cryptocurrency and remittance businesses, targeting service providers that are inactive, insolvent, or not operationally capable.AUSTRAC CEO Brendan Thomas stated that businesses whose registrations have been cancelled are not permitted to continue operating, and that some individuals involved have been referred to Australian and overseas law enforcement or regulatory cooperation agencies. Additional issues cited include failure to report material changes, incorrect registration information, and significant money laundering or terrorist financing risks.AUSTRAC noted that the virtual asset service provider registration of GetCoins, a brand under BA Digital Ventures, was cancelled in June following customer complaints. The agency stated that GetCoins is suspected of being exploited by organized cryptocurrency investment scam activities, and that this action, taken in collaboration with the National Anti-Scam Centre, helped disrupt related activity.AUSTRAC did not disclose the full list of 45 businesses, nor did it provide a breakdown of crypto versus remittance service providers. The public VASP register shows that recent actions have also involved Cryptolink, Self Custody, Jam Xchange, and Coinsec Australia; AUSTRAC has also launched an investigation into Western Union and suspended Cryptolink's cryptocurrency ATM network. (Cointelegraph)
Westpac to Cap Customer Payments to Crypto Exchanges at AUD 10,000 per Month
Odaily reports: Bitcoin News posted on X platform that Australia's Westpac Bank will impose a monthly cap of AUD 10,000 on customer payments to cryptocurrency exchanges starting December 1. Once the limit is reached, Westpac may decline payments it identifies as being made to crypto exchanges; the cap applies in aggregate across all Westpac accounts through online banking, the Westpac app, and credit and debit card payments, with no exemptions or higher limits. Westpac does not support customers making payments to crypto exchanges at branches, and transfers from exchanges into Westpac accounts are unaffected.Westpac said the move is aimed at combating scams, citing data from Australia's National Anti-Scam Centre that 46% of reported scam losses last year involved cryptocurrency. Customers purchasing more than AUD 10,000 of Bitcoin per month will need to fund the excess through other banks.
Australia to Implement Cryptocurrency "Travel Rule" from July; Exchange Transfers Must Include Sender and Receiver Information
According to Cointelegraph, Australia will officially implement the cryptocurrency "Travel Rule" starting from July. At that time, when users conduct incoming and outgoing transfers on locally regulated cryptocurrency exchanges, they must provide the name and platform information of the payee or payer; when transferring to self-custody wallets, they also need to confirm address ownership. This rule is enforced by the Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre, applies to transfers of all amounts, and aims to strengthen transaction traceability to prevent money laundering, terrorist financing, and fraud activities.
Europol: Crypto Wallets Are the Primary Exposure Point for Quantum Attacks
Odaily reports: Europol released two reports on Wednesday, urging organizations, policymakers, and the cryptocurrency industry to immediately prepare for the threat of quantum computing. Its European Cybercrime Centre noted that cryptocurrency wallet keys are the primary exposure point for quantum attacks, while the hash functions used to secure blockchains currently remain largely quantum-resistant.The reports state that a sufficiently capable quantum computer could derive private keys from exposed public keys, enabling attackers to transfer assets without authorization. Wallets whose public keys have already been exposed on-chain cannot be protected retroactively; holders need to migrate their assets to new wallets before an attack occurs.Glassnode estimated in May that 6.04 million BTC, representing 30.2% of the issued supply, have exposed public keys. The reports note that NIST-standardized post-quantum signatures are 10 to 120 times larger than the ECDSA signatures currently used by Bitcoin, and migrating all Bitcoin unspent transaction outputs would require at least 76 cumulative days of downtime.A second report published by Europol points out that commonly used protocols such as TLS, SSH, and OpenPGP face "harvest now, decrypt later" risks, but there is currently no clear evidence that this approach has been exploited at scale. The report argues that for payments, immediate interception within the brief window before transaction confirmation poses a more direct quantum risk than post-hoc decryption. (Decrypt)
Spanish police arrest 16-year-old suspected of operating crypto ransomware KillSec
Odaily News: Spanish police have arrested a 16-year-old Romanian national in Alicante on suspicion of being the administrator and primary operator of the KillSec ransomware group. Europol stated that law enforcement agencies have seized control of the group's servers and leak site, and preserved at least 110 TB of stolen data.The operation involved searches at 8 residences across Spain, Greece, Romania, and the United Kingdom, investigating approximately 1,000 suspected attacks worldwide, of which about 500 have been confirmed successful. Two other suspects in their 20s were arrested in the UK and Romania respectively, while a Dutch national residing in the UK was indicted and arrested in Puerto Rico, awaiting extradition.KillSec has been active since around 2024, often demanding ransoms in cryptocurrency and carrying out double extortion through encrypted servers and threats to publish stolen data. Investigators are tracing the group's proceeds, including cryptocurrency; Europol's European Cybercrime Centre provided cryptocurrency tracing and digital forensics support. (Decrypt)
UK NCA warns criminals are "innovatively" using crypto assets to launder money
According to Decrypt, the UK National Economic Crime Centre (NECC) stated in its annual report that criminals are "innovatively" leveraging crypto asset products to evade detection and transfer illicit funds at scale, while also highlighting AI alongside cryptocurrencies as an emerging threat method. Crypto assets have been ranked third among the nine priority economic crime areas jointly designated by NECC, the FCA, and the Treasury. NECC stated it will build more proactive, intelligence-driven crypto capabilities to actively identify targets for enforcement action. Previously, the NCA, in collaboration with the US Secret Service, Coinbase, Binance, Kraken, and Tether, conducted "Operation Atlantic," which identified 20,000 phishing attack victims and resulted in the freezing of $12 million in assets this March.
Hackers Exploit macOS Screen Sharing Vulnerability to Gain Root Access and Mine Monero
Odaily News: The Dutch National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) has reported that attackers are exploiting a vulnerability in Apple's macOS Screen Sharing feature to take control of devices and install Monero mining programs. Multiple systems with port 5900 exposed to the internet have been compromised, with attackers gaining root access. The vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2026-65400, has a severity score of 7.1 out of 10. It stems from a state management error in the authentication process, allowing remote attackers to bypass login verification without valid credentials. Public proof-of-concept code has already been circulated. Apple has addressed the issue in macOS Sequoia 15.7.9, Sonoma 14.8.9, and Tahoe 26.6.1. The NCSC advises users to update their systems promptly and avoid exposing the Screen Sharing service directly to the internet. (Decrypt)
Cambridge Study: US Hosts ~31% of Ethereum Nodes; Over One-Third Nodes Offline Could Impact Finalization
Odaily Odaily A new study by the Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance reveals that approximately 31% of Ethereum node activity is located in the United States, with another 39% distributed across EU countries excluding the UK, indicating that the geographic distribution of Ethereum nodes remains relatively concentrated in Western nations.Lead researcher Alexander Neumuller stated that while node distribution is not currently concentrated in any single country, it is heavily reliant on a few major cloud service providers, including Hetzner, Amazon AWS, and OVH. Notably, the Ethereum network does not require half of its validators to fail for problems to arise. If more than one-third of validators go offline simultaneously, the network may be unable to finalize block checkpoints (finalization). Neumuller pointed out that nodes and validators do not have a one-to-one correspondence; a single node may run multiple validators. Therefore, it is currently impossible to precisely assess the actual impact on the validator network from the failure of a specific node or service provider.Furthermore, the study reassessed the energy consumption of Ethereum following The Merge. Data shows that Ethereum's current annual energy consumption is approximately 7.9 GWh, equivalent to a continuous power draw of about 1 MW. This represents only about 0.02% of pre-merge levels, a reduction of approximately 99.98%. Currently, over 56% of the energy used by the Ethereum network comes from sustainable sources, exceeding the global average.The study also noted that client software diversity is another potential risk. If a dominant client software has a vulnerability, it could affect a large number of network participants. The report was published by the Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance and supported by the Ethereum Foundation. (The)
UK Financial Regulator Urgently Assesses Risks of Anthropic’s Latest AI Model
Officials from the Bank of England, the Financial Conduct Authority, and the Treasury are consulting with the National Cyber Security Centre to examine potential vulnerabilities in critical IT systems revealed by Anthropic’s latest model.
Westpac to Cap Customer Payments to Crypto Exchanges at AUD 10,000 per Month
Odaily reports: Bitcoin News posted on X platform that Australia's Westpac Bank will impose a monthly cap of AUD 10,000 on customer payments to cryptocurrency exchanges starting December 1. Once the limit is reached, Westpac may decline payments it identifies as being made to crypto exchanges; the cap applies in aggregate across all Westpac accounts through online banking, the Westpac app, and credit and debit card payments, with no exemptions or higher limits. Westpac does not support customers making payments to crypto exchanges at branches, and transfers from exchanges into Westpac accounts are unaffected.Westpac said the move is aimed at combating scams, citing data from Australia's National Anti-Scam Centre that 46% of reported scam losses last year involved cryptocurrency. Customers purchasing more than AUD 10,000 of Bitcoin per month will need to fund the excess through other banks.
HKMA warns of fraudulent digital Hong Kong dollar project scam, has reported to police
Odaily reports: The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) has issued an announcement disclosing that it has received a large number of public inquiries concerning fraudulent activities involving a fake digital Hong Kong dollar project. The scam in question claims to be able to convert loans into digital Hong Kong dollar assets, luring the public into signing agreements.The HKMA solemnly clarifies that the fraudulent scheme and lending project are in no way related to the HKMA, and emphasizes that it will never contact members of the public regarding personal financial matters or carry out fund transfers. All institutions participating in the "e-HKD" Pilot Programme and other HKMA sandbox programmes will not raise funds from the public or offer wealth management and investment products under the name of the relevant programmes.The HKMA has reported the incident to the Hong Kong Police and reminds the public to verify relevant information through the HKMA's official website. If you have provided personal information to suspicious websites or applications, or suspect you have been defrauded, you should immediately contact the police or the Information Centre of the Criminal Headquarters of the Hong Kong Police Force.
Kazakhstan Court Bans Six Platforms Including Coinbase and BingX from Providing Unauthorized Digital Asset Services
The Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) Court in Kazakhstan has issued an injunction against cryptocurrency platforms offering digital asset services without authorization, prohibiting Coinbase, BingX, Huobi Global (HTX), BitMart, Bitcoin.com, and WEEX from operating within its jurisdiction, and extending the restrictions to block access to their apps on Google and Apple app stores.
BIS Research: Rising Deposit Interest Rates Will Drag on Stablecoin Growth, with USDC More Impacted Than USDT
According to Bank for International Settlements (BIS) Working Paper No. 1382, BIS economists Iñaki Aldasoro and Rashad Ahmed of the Andersen Centre for Financial and Economic Studies published a study examining whether stablecoins and bank deposits act as substitutes. Using U.S. weekly data from January 2019 through June 2025, the study applies the local projection method to estimate how stablecoin market capitalization responds to changes in deposit interest rates. The results indicate that rising deposit interest rates forecast a deceleration in stablecoin growth. In the context of an average ten-week stablecoin growth of 15%, OLS estimates indicate that each 1-basis-point increase in deposit rates reduces the growth rate by approximately 3 percentage points, bringing it down to around 12%. By leveraging the nonlinear dynamic where bank deposit pricing becomes more responsive once the federal funds rate surpasses approximately 3% as an instrumental variable, the estimated effect expands to roughly 9 percentage points, pushing the growth rate down to about 6%. Placebo tests on non-stablecoin cryptocurrency assets reveal no comparable effects.
Europol: Crypto Wallets Are the Primary Exposure Point for Quantum Attacks
Odaily reports: Europol released two reports on Wednesday, urging organizations, policymakers, and the cryptocurrency industry to immediately prepare for the threat of quantum computing. Its European Cybercrime Centre noted that cryptocurrency wallet keys are the primary exposure point for quantum attacks, while the hash functions used to secure blockchains currently remain largely quantum-resistant.The reports state that a sufficiently capable quantum computer could derive private keys from exposed public keys, enabling attackers to transfer assets without authorization. Wallets whose public keys have already been exposed on-chain cannot be protected retroactively; holders need to migrate their assets to new wallets before an attack occurs.Glassnode estimated in May that 6.04 million BTC, representing 30.2% of the issued supply, have exposed public keys. The reports note that NIST-standardized post-quantum signatures are 10 to 120 times larger than the ECDSA signatures currently used by Bitcoin, and migrating all Bitcoin unspent transaction outputs would require at least 76 cumulative days of downtime.A second report published by Europol points out that commonly used protocols such as TLS, SSH, and OpenPGP face "harvest now, decrypt later" risks, but there is currently no clear evidence that this approach has been exploited at scale. The report argues that for payments, immediate interception within the brief window before transaction confirmation poses a more direct quantum risk than post-hoc decryption. (Decrypt)
Spanish police arrest 16-year-old suspected of operating crypto ransomware KillSec
Odaily News: Spanish police have arrested a 16-year-old Romanian national in Alicante on suspicion of being the administrator and primary operator of the KillSec ransomware group. Europol stated that law enforcement agencies have seized control of the group's servers and leak site, and preserved at least 110 TB of stolen data.The operation involved searches at 8 residences across Spain, Greece, Romania, and the United Kingdom, investigating approximately 1,000 suspected attacks worldwide, of which about 500 have been confirmed successful. Two other suspects in their 20s were arrested in the UK and Romania respectively, while a Dutch national residing in the UK was indicted and arrested in Puerto Rico, awaiting extradition.KillSec has been active since around 2024, often demanding ransoms in cryptocurrency and carrying out double extortion through encrypted servers and threats to publish stolen data. Investigators are tracing the group's proceeds, including cryptocurrency; Europol's European Cybercrime Centre provided cryptocurrency tracing and digital forensics support. (Decrypt)
Related news
Westpac to Cap Customer Payments to Crypto Exchanges at AUD 10,000 per Month
Odaily reports: Bitcoin News posted on X platform that Australia's Westpac Bank will impose a monthly cap of AUD 10,000 on customer payments to cryptocurrency exchanges starting December 1. Once the limit is reached, Westpac may decline payments it identifies as being made to crypto exchanges; the cap applies in aggregate across all Westpac accounts through online banking, the Westpac app, and credit and debit card payments, with no exemptions or higher limits. Westpac does not support customers making payments to crypto exchanges at branches, and transfers from exchanges into Westpac accounts are unaffected.Westpac said the move is aimed at combating scams, citing data from Australia's National Anti-Scam Centre that 46% of reported scam losses last year involved cryptocurrency. Customers purchasing more than AUD 10,000 of Bitcoin per month will need to fund the excess through other banks.
Hong Kong Investor Education Centre Warns of Risks in Secondary Market Trading of Tokenized Funds: NAV May See Significant Premiums or Discounts
Odaily reports: The Hong Kong Investor and Financial Education Council (IEC) has issued a warning regarding the risks of buying and selling tokenized funds in the secondary market, including price discrepancy/trading risk, liquidity risk, price fragmentation risk, and reliance on market maker risk. Tokenized funds trading on virtual asset trading platforms may trade at significant premiums or discounts to their net asset value.The Hong Kong IEC pointed out that investors should understand the underlying fund, including its investment objectives, strategies, characteristics, operations, and related investment risks, as well as the tokenization arrangements, including whether transactions are ultimately settled on-chain or off-chain and the associated risks. Investors should also pay attention to information on trading channels, market maker arrangements, applicable fees, circumstances under which trading may be suspended, risks of secondary market trading, the option to subscribe for or redeem tokenized fund units at net asset value, and the related implications.
HKMA warns of fraudulent digital Hong Kong dollar project scam, has reported to police
Odaily reports: The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) has issued an announcement disclosing that it has received a large number of public inquiries concerning fraudulent activities involving a fake digital Hong Kong dollar project. The scam in question claims to be able to convert loans into digital Hong Kong dollar assets, luring the public into signing agreements.The HKMA solemnly clarifies that the fraudulent scheme and lending project are in no way related to the HKMA, and emphasizes that it will never contact members of the public regarding personal financial matters or carry out fund transfers. All institutions participating in the "e-HKD" Pilot Programme and other HKMA sandbox programmes will not raise funds from the public or offer wealth management and investment products under the name of the relevant programmes.The HKMA has reported the incident to the Hong Kong Police and reminds the public to verify relevant information through the HKMA's official website. If you have provided personal information to suspicious websites or applications, or suspect you have been defrauded, you should immediately contact the police or the Information Centre of the Criminal Headquarters of the Hong Kong Police Force.
Kraken's parent company receives in-principle approval in Kazakhstan to provide crypto trading and custody services
Payward, the parent company of Kraken, has received an in-principle approval from Kazakhstan's AFSA. It plans to provide digital asset trading, investment trading, and custody services through Payward Kazakhstan at the Astana International Financial Centre. Upon securing the final license, local users will also gain access to Kraken's global order book and major market liquidity.
Kazakhstan Court Bans Six Platforms Including Coinbase and BingX from Providing Unauthorized Digital Asset Services
The Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) Court in Kazakhstan has issued an injunction against cryptocurrency platforms offering digital asset services without authorization, prohibiting Coinbase, BingX, Huobi Global (HTX), BitMart, Bitcoin.com, and WEEX from operating within its jurisdiction, and extending the restrictions to block access to their apps on Google and Apple app stores.
BIS Research: Rising Deposit Interest Rates Will Drag on Stablecoin Growth, with USDC More Impacted Than USDT
According to Bank for International Settlements (BIS) Working Paper No. 1382, BIS economists Iñaki Aldasoro and Rashad Ahmed of the Andersen Centre for Financial and Economic Studies published a study examining whether stablecoins and bank deposits act as substitutes. Using U.S. weekly data from January 2019 through June 2025, the study applies the local projection method to estimate how stablecoin market capitalization responds to changes in deposit interest rates. The results indicate that rising deposit interest rates forecast a deceleration in stablecoin growth. In the context of an average ten-week stablecoin growth of 15%, OLS estimates indicate that each 1-basis-point increase in deposit rates reduces the growth rate by approximately 3 percentage points, bringing it down to around 12%. By leveraging the nonlinear dynamic where bank deposit pricing becomes more responsive once the federal funds rate surpasses approximately 3% as an instrumental variable, the estimated effect expands to roughly 9 percentage points, pushing the growth rate down to about 6%. Placebo tests on non-stablecoin cryptocurrency assets reveal no comparable effects.